Are the majority of Western Muslims progressive (or at the very least, non-conservative) or not? Surveys are very inconsistent.

Surveys seem very contradictory on this.

According to a 2017 Pew survey, 52% of Muslim Americans say homosexuality should be approved by society and according to another 2017 survey by the Public Religion Research Institute, 51% support the legalization of gay marriage and 59% think a business shouldn't be allowed to prohibit gay or lesbian people. Despite this though, a 2020 survey said 55% of Muslims oppose political alliances with LGBTQ+ activists. Furthermore, the city of Hamtranck, Michigan, the only Muslim-majority city in the US, has banned pride flags shortly after electing a Muslim-majority city council. In Dearborn, a Muslim-plurality city, many Muslims have allied with the Christian far-right against LGBTQ+ rights, including to the point a gay speaker at a school board meeting had to be escorted to his car by police.

In 2015, 60% of German Muslims supported the legalization of gay marriage with similar numbers in 2017. However, in a 2023 survey, 65% of German Muslims agreed with the statement, "I find it disgusting when homosexuals kiss in public", and 71% disagreed with the statement, "Transsexuality is something completely normal". In France in 2019, 63% of Muslims say homosexuality is a "disease" or a "sexual perversion".

In the UK, there are several surveys that show strongly conservative beliefs. In a 2009 survey, 0% of British Muslims said homosexuality was morally acceptable. 0%. Out of the 1001 British Muslims interviewed, not a single one said it was morally acceptable. In 2016, 52% stated that homosexuality should be illegal. The same survey showed that nearly 40% believed "wives should always obey their husbands".

There seems to be zero consistency here from surveys on Western Muslims, even some surveys of Muslims in the same country contradict each other. What's with these discrepancies and is there a good way to know what Western Muslims tend to actually believe?