What are each of the faction ships good at?

Hello, new player here. I've been playing for around a week now and more or less nailed down most of the basics. Now I'm looking on which faction I should buddy up with, so far I'm most friendly with the VIG sitting at a comfy 16 rep with them. But I would like to know what each faction's ships are good at?

I'm thinking of also befriending the Argon, because their ships look kind of cool, and VIG ships look dope as hell with its asymmetrical design.